Australian+Labor+party

Name: peter vuciri Student Number: 08282617 Tutor: Sophie Miller

__**Australian labor party**__

__INTRODUCTION__
==This is a photograph of Andrew Fisher served as the prime minister in 1908-9, 1919-13, and 1914-15. He was one of the founders of the Labor Party in Australia. He rose to office from great poverty, beginning work in a Scottish coal pit at the age of ten.== ==Fisher emigrated to Australia in 1885, and won the Queensland seat of Wide Bay at the first federal election, after a brief career in the Queensland Parliament. The government he formed in 1910 was the first federal government with a stable majority. It established the Commonwealth Bank, laid the foundations of the navy, introduced maternity allowances and invalid pensions. He resigned as Prime Minister in 1915, worn out by wartime responsibility, tension within his party over the war, and the exclusion of Australia from policy-making on the war. It was Fisher who pledged Australia's 'last man and last shilling' to the cause of empire loyalty at the outbreak of World War 1, winning the 1914 election with his promise. (**Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House, n, d)**==

__PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUE__
==The public health issue is an acceleration of changes induced by the post-industrial revolution in transport and communication. The rapid growth of population in less developed countries combines with a reduction in barriers to migration from formerly authoritarian regimes to induce mobility. Economic inequality combines with demographic pressures and environmental crises to generate ethnic conflict and terrorist threats. Wealthier countries are placing restrictions on the admission of those seeking to improve their economic prospects and to escape persecution. Andrew fisher is one of the immigrant generated by the effects of globalization due to poverty and poor economic status, and have the opportunity to raise to power through forming Australian Labor party.( In defense of Marxism. 2011).==

__Literature review__
==Form a literature review, Andrew fisher was born on 29 August 1862 at crosshouse in Ayrshire, Scotland. His father Robert fisher, work had left him with 'black lung' and the family needed the income. Conditions were harsh and working hours long; in winter miners never saw daylight between Sundays. Robert was ardent unionists and blacklisted for his activism. While his family life was warm, economic prospects were poor, and both Andy and his younger brother James migrated to Australia. They arrived in Queensland in 1885 and found work at the Burrum coal fields. Andrew soon became a manager. He moved to the Gympie goldfields but when he went on strike was dismissed. He obtained an engine driver's certificate and gained another position. He also taught himself shorthand and read widely on social sciences and economics. ( Hawkins, j.2008).== ==Fisher affined the right of Australians to command their own affairs, and sought to foster institutions like the Commonwealth Bank and an Australian navy as symbols of national identity. Nationalism of this kind, however, was not necessarily incompatible with membership of the larger community of British nations to which Australia's institutions and culture belonged. Thus, his famous pledge to 'the mother country' of July 1914 that: 'Australians will stand beside our own to help and defend her to our last man and our last shilling was both more than election rhetoric.(Attard, B. et al 1995).==

==Regaining office in 1914, Fisher had to concentrate on mobilizing for war rather than social or economic reforms. In early 1915 he passed legislation enabling the federal government to raise war loans. The war disorganized parliamentary procedures; Fisher presented a budget on 1914 but there was no budget in 1915. (Sewer 1956).== ==War expenditure drove the budget into a deficit of unprecedented magnitude. This was despite Fisher trying to raise revenue by increasing the rate of land tax and imposing probate on deceased estates. In July 1915 Fisher told caucus the government intended to impose the first income tax. (Weller 1975). It raised nearly £4 million in 1915-16. Fisher had a deep-seated abhorrence of debt, perhaps reflecting his working class upbringing and his experience of political corruption involving borrowing in Queensland politics. During the War Fisher borrowed from the British government and the Australian banks with great reluctance. Fisher's health deteriorated as he was attacked by both conscriptionists and Labor radicals. He delegated piloting of the income tax bill through parliament to Hughes. A holiday in New Zealand, disguised as inter-government negotiations, was insufficient for him to regain his health. In October 1915 he resigned the prime minister ship to become High Commissioner in London, taking over from another former prime minister, George Reid. Accounts vary about whether he jumped due to ill health, was pushed out by Hughes or was seeking to avoid a coming Labor split. (Hawkins 2008).== ==Labor historians in Australia as in Britain, have traditionally regarded the development of the organized labor movement as their main concern, and the Marxists among them, in particular, have devoted the greater part of their energies to studying different features and phases of the class struggle. In recent years, admittedly, they have widened their horizons by adding other areas of social tension and instability, such as race and gender to their remit. This suggests, however, that they are still obsessed by phenomena which have divided, rather than united, capitalist-democratic societies in the past. The result is that conflict continues to feature more prominently than consensus in their writings and on their conference agendas. (Bythell, D.1994).== ==In the space of generation, Australia’s tariff walls have been dismantling, from 1970 to 2001. The average level of industries assistance falls from thirty to under five per cent. Yet in retrospect, what was perhaps most surprising was not that the era of protectionism came to an end, for all, this was a period in which tariff was reduced across much of the develop world. But that in Australia, it was Labor government that took the lead in cutting industry protection. Not only did Labor government reduced protectionism, they also manage splitting their party over the issue, given the importance of industrial protection to both employer and union constituencies, (Leigh, A. 2002).== ==In recent article about labor’s policy on welfare, we must be able to do better than a system which is designed to alleviate poverty after a person has fallen through the cracks. We can do better with the resources we have without necessarily demanding more. Labor doesn't accept that income support alone will overcome the barriers to participation in society. Labor rejects the notion that lower wages and lower levels of income support will overcome those barriers but advocates for a proactive, preventative and investment-focused system – not one which is passive, reactive or outright mean. (Evans, C.2006).==

__CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS__
==Globalization has been criticized as being responsible for a shift in tax burden from mobile capital to immobile labor. Critics also claim that although the OECD countries’ actual spending did on average increase over the last 30 years, spending (and taxes on capital) would be higher without globalization because the economic environment deteriorated since the 1970s.( The influence of globalization on taxes and social policy, 2006)== ==Labor Party was in advance of the conservative parties in promoting policies to protect children and to give support to families. The temperance movement, which was very important at that time, also tried to exert an influence on the party, arguing that the interests of workers would be best advanced by getting them to abandon alcohol, Most leaders of the party in all the colonies in the 1890s would have agreed that grog was a major social problem for workers and that some control was necessary. Meanwhile, and with more eventual success, the liquor trade saw an opportunity to maintain its place in society by identifying itself with Labor, as temperance bodies succeeded in having a greater influence on conservative parties. Any mass political party has to promote itself by attracting the support of pressure groups in society. This was the beginning of a long history of such political alliances.==

__ANALYSIS OF THE ARTEFACT AND OWN REFLECTION__
===**Finally, Labor party Australian began as a result of globalization that made Andrew fisher to migrate to Australia in search of better life through economic prosperity and due equality that prevails in this country his the opportunity to rise to power. While in power this contributed to building this nation by affirming the rights of Australians to command their own affairs, and sought to foster institutions like the Commonwealth Bank and an Australian navy as symbols of national identity. This is thus, bringing people together as one nation regardless of your background and it is culture of Labor party and eventually which became the spirit of Australia.**===

==Museum of Australian Democracy, (n,d). Exploring Democracy, Australian Journey through tome and place, Andrew Fisher, PC. retrieve form htt://explore. moadoph.gov.au/people/181-fisher-Andrew-pc-australian-labor party/list#/description==